There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood glucose levels are at the normal level, which is the prevention of complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy, and prevention of complications.
Diet for diabetes is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps to improve the condition and cope with symptoms. Yes, you will have to radically revise the diet and diet. Yes, you have to give up sweet and fatty. And yes, there will be many restrictions on your diet. Doesn't the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread all your life inspire you? Dont be upset!
Nutrition for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main supplier of energy. In diabetes, they should be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods containing carbohydrates are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (simple) carbohydrates. They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after consumption and lead to an instant increase in blood sugar. These are any sweets, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereal. Their use will have to be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, grain bread, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will have to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radish, radish, cranberries, lemons, apples and plums can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, swedes, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, cherry plums, pears, peaches, lingonberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, blueberries, sweet varieties of apples can be eaten, but in limited quantities. From the diet, you will have to sharply limit potatoes and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes, and dried fruits.
Of great importance are dietary fiber, which is contained in plant foods that can reduce blood sugar. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onion, garlic, oats, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, green leaf lettuce and some other foods have a hypoglycemic effect.
If the rejection of sweets is difficult to tolerate, the doctor will advise which sugar substitutes are best used in each case and in what quantity.
Fats
The amount of animal fats is reduced in the diet. This is especially true of refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You can not eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other offal). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of vegetable origin.
You can’t completely refuse fats, without them you will not get fat-soluble vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3. They should be 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
Squirrels
Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate for the energy value of the diet while reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should be getting about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of proteins are animal proteins.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, egg, cottage cheese and other dairy products, as well as legumes and proteins of specialized SBCS products are recommended.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget about fried, smoked and salty. Products need to be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes even absorption of carbohydrates and helps to avoid sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should account for 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for the second dinner - 5-10%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly observing the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The calorie content of food should be about the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regime recommended by the doctor.
A sensible, balanced approach to nutrition is the basis for good health in diabetes. Do not forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.